Nanoemulsions (NE) have received a growing attention as colloidal drug carriers for pharmaceutical applications. Nanoemulsions also referred as submicron emulsions, miniemulsions, and ultrafine emulsions, are a group of dispersed particles used as vehicles for pharmaceutical aims. NEs are thermodynamically stable dispersion of o/w and w/o types, that consist of oil, surfactants, co-surfactants and aqueous phase, having a droplet diameter within the range of 10-500 nm. These are prepared by using high energy emulsification methods and low energy emulsification methods. By aqueous phase titration method, different oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) nanoemulsions were prepared. The parameter that are to be used for its characterization are droplet size, viscosity, drug content, zeta potential, pH, Transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability and in vitro release study. Nanoemulsion has various applications in drug delivery system. Thus the aim of this review is focused on nanoemulsion advantage and disadvantage, preparation methods, characterization of nanoemulsions and applications of sub micron size emulsion in different areas.
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